jan 1, 610 - Heraclius (Byzantine)

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Heraclius fought a long war against the Persians, who had taken Jerusalem in 614 with Jewish support and carried off the relic of the True Cross. He recovered the city in 630, reversed the concessions made to the Jewish community, and imposed harsh measures. Within a decade the Arab armies took Syria and Palestine permanently from Byzantine control. His reign is the hinge between the Roman and Islamic eras in the land of Israel.

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