History Final

Pilgrims/Mayflower American archaeologist Matthew Stirling visits Olmec sculpture in Tres Zapotes, Mexico Zapotec settlement attacked, temple burned George Rogers Clark captures Fort Vincennes Constitutional Convention Constitution Ratified Alien & Sedition Acts 'Marbury v. Madison' establishes the doctrine of judicial review Alexander Hamilton killed by Aaron Burr in a duel Louisiana Purchase Chanka attack the Inca Francisco Pizarro and less than 200 Spanish men defeat more than 5,000 Inca and capture Atawallpa. Hernan Cortes and Motecuhzoma meet at Tenochtitlan Aztec Triple Alliance formed Triple Alliance surrenders to Cortez and his forces. Jose de Acosta speculates that Asia and America "must join somewhere" C. Vance Haynes proposed that the first Americans crossed to the Americas via the the Beringia land bridge Smallpox breaks out on the Spanish island colony of Hispaniola, later spreading throughout the Americas. Incan emperor Wayna Qhapaq dies, resulting in civil war as his sons fight for power. Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto arrives in Florida Smallpox epidemic begins near Boston The bombardment of Fort Sumter and start of the Civil War. Lee surrenders at Appomatox, end of the Civil War. Transcontinental Railroad completed Mongomery Bus Boycott Alabama bomb explodes at baptist church, killing four girls Shay's Rebellion Bill of Rights ratified Constitutional Convention Bjarni Herjolfsson, Viking sailor sights the coastline of North America. Leif Eriksson establishes Viking settlement called Vineland. Gutenberg perfects his printing press with moveable type. Gutenberg prints the first printed Bible. Christopher Columbus sails to America. First African Slaves come to the Caribbean Islands. John Cabot landed in Newfoundland and gave England claim to North America. Vasco Nuñez de Balboa established the first permanent European settlement and first to see the Pacific Ocean from the American continent. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado sets off to find Cibola. John Cabot leads first English expedition to America. Santa Fe founded Charlesfort established Jacques Cartier leads the first European expedition up the St. Lawrence River. St. Augustine founded Quebec founded Marquette and Joliet travel down the Mississippi river. British navy defeats the Spanish Armada. Jamestown becomes the first permanent English settlement in North America. Virginia is the first colony in the world to elect its own representative government, the House of Burgesses. Mayflower voyage Mayflower Compact establishes new standard for self-government in America. Pilgrims land in the New World First college in North America, Harvard, founded in order to secure "a literate ministry to the churches" Providence founded Salem Witch Trials Dutch colonial rule ends in North America Charles I is beheaded Maryland Toleration Act passed Glorious Revolution James Oglethorpe founds Georgia Wilderness Road John Peter Zenger is acquitted of libel establishing significant freedoms of the press in the British American colonies Père Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet explore the Mississippi. Washington leads 150 Virginians to victory over a French exploratory party. Albany Congress approves Franklin's Plan of the Union--but not all colonies accept it. Washington surrenders Fort Necessity. Braddock and his English and colonial forces are defeated by French and Indians at Fort Duquesne. Johnson and Hendrick triumph at Lake George. 6,000 Acadians are expelled from Nova Scotia after refusing to swear loyalty to Britain. The English declare war on the French in Europe, where the war is called the Seven Years' War. General Jeffrey Amherst captures Louisbourg. Johnson's English soldiers and Iroquois Indians capture Fort Niagara. The English win the battle of Quebec. Wolfe and Montecalm are killed. Treaty of Paris ends the French and Indian War. Treaty of Paris officially ends the French and Indian War George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards play key roles in the Great Awakening. Moravians first immigrate to America. Michel Guillaume St. Jean de Crèvecoeur/ Hector St. John Crèvecoeur publishes Letters of an American Farmer in Europe. King John (John Lackland) signs Magna Carta. Boston Tea Party Stamp Act Townshend Acts Quartering Act "Boston Massacre" First Continental Congress American Revolutionary War begins at Concord, Massachusetts. Declaration of Independence signed Battle for Fort Ticonderoga The battles of Lexington and Concord Second Continental Congress convenes in Independence Hall, Philadelphia. Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold capture Fort Ticonderoga. George Washington is appointed head of the Continental army. The battles of Bunker and Breed's Hills. General Washington takes command of 17,000 men at Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Continental Congress establishes a post office department and appoints Franklin postmaster general. Tom Paine publishes an article in the "Pennsylvania Gazette" supporting women's rights. George III declares the American colonies in rebellion. Declaration of Independence Battle of Tippecanoe breaks Tecumseh's bid to unite the Indian tribes. Francis Scott Key writes "The Star-Spangled Banner" following the British attack on Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor. First Navy prescribed by Washington Florida purchased by the U.S. from Spain for $5 million. Monroe Doctrine (developed by John Quincy Adams) proclaimed. Samuel Slater establishes the first successful cotton mill in the U.S. Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin. Eli Whitney develops effective interchangeable parts. Robert Fulton initiates practical steamboat with voyage of the Clermont up the Hudson. Peter Cooper builds the Tom Thumb, a steam-powered locomotive designed to stay on curved railroad tracks. Sequoyah perfects a Cherokee alphabet Congress passes the Indian Removal Act Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom creates, for the first time in Western history, a complete legal break between a formal religious commitment and the right to hold public office. Missouri Compromise Mexico gains independence from Spain President Polk offers to purchase California (including Texas) from Mexico Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed California gains statehood Levi Strauss arrives in California and begins making heavy pants from canvas for miners Samuel F.B. Morse granted a patent for the telegraph. Samuel F.B. Morse sends first telegraphic message. Stephen Watts Kearny captures New Mexico for the United States. Stephen Watts Kearny captures (modern day) California for the United States. Depression in U.S. motivates people to emigrate west. Large groups go west on the Oregon Trail. First wagon train makes it to California. 3,000 emigrants go to Oregon and California Joseph Smith founds LDS Church. 55,000 people emigrate to the west, most to California. The concept of Manifest Destiny first expressed. Richard Henry Dana publishes "Two Years Before the Mast" inspiring interest in California California Indian population down to 150,000 First Transatlantic telegraph cable completed but lasts only three weeks. Nathaniel Bowditch transforms navigation with his New American Practical Navigator and a new, simplified system of measuring a ship's position Nakahama Manjirō is shipwrecked Nakahama Manjirō is shipwrecked, comes to the United States and eventually returns to Japan. Nakahama Manjirō is able to help Commodore Perry Negotiate with the Japanese government. Commodore Matthew Perry negotiates a treaty with Japan John Deere invents the first steel plow for use in American prairies. Cyrus McCormick patents reaper Cyrus McCormick makes reaper available for sale. Elias Howe patents his sewing machine Charles Goodyear discovers process for vulcanization of rubber Charles Goodyear is granted first patent for vulcanization of rubber. Noah Webster's Dictionary published Mount Holyoke College founded Horace Mann spearheads the establishment of the first state board of education in America. Elizabeth Blackwell becomes first woman to graduate from a medical school in the U.S. Lucy Stone not permitted to read her own college graduation essay Lucy Stone becomes a speaker against slavery and for women's rights, and produces a furor when she refuses to take her husband's name at marriage. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organize the Seneca Falls Convention that produces the Seneca Falls Declaration, the document that formally initiates the woman's suffrage movement. Dorothea Dix writes a Memorial to the Legislature of Massachusetts in behalf of insane persons. Julia Ward Howe founds the New England Woman Suffrage Association. Amelia Bloomer seeks to give women greater freedom of movement through revised clothing design. Susan B. Anthony causes a stir when she requests permission to address a teacher's conference (a woman had never done this before) Later, she leads the women's suffrage movement "Leaves of Grass" is published. Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Lawrence, Kansas sacked by pro-slavery forces Charles Sumner is almost bludgeoned to death by Congressman Preston Brooks. John Brown hacks five pro-slavery settlers to death at Pottawatomie Creek Dred Scott Decision Tisquantum/Squanto Anasazi were cliff dwellers Winter at Valley Forge Nathanael Greene George Rogers Clark Henry Knox Mary Katherine Goddard Marquis de Lafayette Friedrich von Steuben Haym Salomon Henry Clinton Lord Charles Cornwallis Battle of Yorktown Articles of Confederation Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Thomas Jefferson James Madison Alexander Hamilton Roger Sherman Meriwether Lewis Lewis and Clark Expedition Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers Sacajawea George Washington serves as the first president of the U.S. French Revolution John Adams serves as the second president of the U.S. John Marshall John Marshall serves as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Napoleon Bonaparte Aaron Burr Francisco Pizarro Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Fray Marcos de Niza Francisco Vasques de Coronado Hernando de Soto John Cabot Juan de Oñate Bartolomé de Las Casas Jacques Cartier Jean Ribaut LeSalle's adventures allow him to claim land for France. Elizabeth I Elizabethan Age Sir Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colonies in North America. Sir Francis Drake Homer Virgil Mohammed Galileo Galilei Aristotle Nicholas Copernicus John Smith James Stuart Peregrine White Samoset Massasoit John Winthrop Roger Williams John Cotton Increase Mather Cotton Mather King Philip's War Oliver Cromwell English Civil Wars Cromwell's "Protectorate" William Penn Benjamin Franklin George Calvert James Oglethorpe Daniel Boone John Peter Zenger War of Jenkins' Ear Père Jacques Marquette Louis Joliet William Johnson/ Warraghiyagey French & Indian War William Pitt Sir Jeffrey Amherst George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards Michel Guillaume St. Jean de Crèvecoeur/ Hector St. John Crèvecoeur. John Lackland King John (John Lackland) is king of England. King George III Samuel Adams Thomas Paine Demosthenes John Hancock Henry David Thoreau Cahokia's golden age William Bradford John Adams Revolutionary War Francis Drake William Clark The Manchu (Qing) Dynasty ruled China. The Ming Dynasty ruled China. Rosa Parks Martin Luther King Junior Patrick Henry Dolley Madison War of 1812 Andrew Jackson Prince Henry of Portugal Eratosthenes Ptolemy Vasco Nuñez de Balboa Iberian Ferdinand Magellan Iberian Ferdinand Magellan leads first global circumnavigation. Hernando Cortés Moctezuma Doña Marina Ponce de León Paul Revere Ethan Allen Benedict Arnold John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau Enlightenment George Washington William Henry Harrison James Madison serves as the 4th president of the U.S. Francis Scott Key James Monroe James Monroe serves as the 5th president of the U.S. John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams serves as the 6th president of the U.S. Andrew Jackson serves as the 7th president of the U.S. Samuel Slater Eli Whitney Robert Fulton Peter Cooper Sequoyah Trail of Tears Osceola Osceola leads the Seminoles in the Second Seminole War. Nat Turner William Lloyed Garrison William Lloyed Garrison publishes "The Liberator" Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren serves as the 8th president of the U.S. Abigail Adams Molly Pitcher Silvestre Veléstre de Escalante explores western portions of what will become the United States. Thomas Jefferson serves as the third president of the United States. Sagoyewatha Tekamthi (also known as Tecumseh) William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison serves as the ninth president of the U.S. John Tyler John Tyler serves as the 10th president of the U.S. James Knox Polk James Knox Polk serves as the 11th president of the U.S. Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor serves as the 12th president of the U.S. Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore serves as the 13th president of the U.S. Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce serves as the 14th president of the U.S. James Buchanan James Buchanan serves as the 15th president of the U.S. Henry Clay Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun Jedediah Smith Jim Bridger Zebulon Pike Stephen Watts Kearny Irish Potato Famine brings many Irish to America Erie Canal is built Joseph Smith Brigham Young Brigham Young leads Mormons to Utah. Richard Henry Dana Stephen Austin Stephen Austin leads Missouri emigrants to Mexican Texas. Antonio López de Santa Anna Davy Crockett Jim Bowie Sam Houston Mexican-American War Walt Whitman James Marshall discovers gold at Sutter's Mill, thus starting the California Gold rush. Levi Strauss Pony Express Samuel F.B. Morse Charles Babbage André Ampère Clipper Ships rule the ocean Nathaniel Bowditch Nakahama Manjirō Commodore Matthew Perry John Deere Cyrus McCormick Elias Howe Charles Goodyear Second Great Awakening Horace Mann William H. McGuffey William H. McGuffey publishes his Readers which establish a literary core for American education until the early 1900s. Sarah Grimké Angelina Grimké Sarah and Angelina Grimké speak against slavery and for women's rights. Elizabeth Blackwell Lucy Stone Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott Dorothea Dix Julia Ward Howe Samuel Gridley Howe Amelia Bloomer Susan B. Anthony Sojourner Truth Harriet Beecher Stowe Ralph Waldo Emerson Nathaniel Hawthorne Louisa May Alcott Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Herman Melville James Fenimore Cooper Washington Irving Edgar Allen Poe Emily Dickenson John James Audubon George Catlin John Singleton Copley Gilbert Stuart Charles Willson Peale Sengbe Peih/Joseph Cinqué John C. Calhoun Cassius Marcellus Clay Stephen A. Douglas Charles Sumner John Brown Dred Scott Roger Taney Frederick Douglass