Succession of Kings
Category: Other
Updated: 16 May 2018
historical visual of what occurred in the world in the past.
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Events
Offa defeats the Welsh Egbert, son of Eahmund of Kent flees to
Wessex and then to exile in the Frankish
court of Charlemagne 1st recorded Viking
raids on England Offa annexes East Anglia and joins it to the kingdom of Mercia
-Vikings raid the Christian monastery on Lindisfarne St Albans Abbey Vikings raid the monastery
on Iona in Scotland Around this time the Book of
Kells is written in Ireland Egbert returns from exile in Charlemagne
and becomes King of Wessex Wessex becomes
dominant kingdom Vikings raid Kent and East Anglia,
establish a settlement at Dublin Egbert subdues North Wales. He is recognized
as overlord of other English kings King Edmund II Ironside
of England King Harold II of England Regents of England:
Hubert de Burgh &
William the Marshal Regents of England:
John of Gaunt &
Thomas of Gloucester Regent of England:
John, Duke of Bedford Edward V of England Edward VIII of England Duncan II of Scotland Regent of Scotland:
Earl of Livingston James IV marries
Margaret Tudor Louis (Luis)
of Spain Ferdinand VII
(Fernando)
of Spain John I of France Napoleon II of France Louis XIX of France Pope Valentine Boniface VI Romanus Theodore II Leo V Christopher Lando Leo VI Leo VIII John XII Benedict V Leo VIII John XIV John XVII Clement II Damasus II Stephen IX Victor III Gelasius II Benedict XI Celestine II Lucius II Gregory VIII Celestine IV Innocent V Adrian V John XXI Celestine V Pius III Adrian VI Marcellus II Urban VII Gregory XIV Innocent IX Leo XI Alexander VIII Interregnum Pius VIII Joh Paul I Kenneth MacAlpine, King of Scots, conquers
the Picts; founds a unified Scotland Vikings forces enter Thames estuary
and march on Canterbury Vikings are defeated by
Saxons at the River Parrett Aethelwulf dies at
Steyning in Sussex Vikings land in Iceland
-Aehelbald dies
-Winchester sacked by the Danes The Viking 'Great Heathen Army' commanded by
Halfdan and Ivar the Boneless lands in East
Anglia and sweeps across England Vikings take
York (Jorvik) Aethelred defeated by the
Danes (Vikings) at Reading Aethelred and his brother Alfred
defeat the Danes at Ashdown
-Battle of Meretun, Hampshire,
Aethelred is mortally wounded and dies. London falls to
Viking raiders Guthrum's Danish army invades Wessex
-Alfred defeats Guthrum at the battle of
Ethandune (Edington) in Wiltshire.
-TREATY OF WEDMORE divides England into two. Alfred defeats the
Danes at Rochester Alfred imposes rules
on South Wales Alfred takes London from the Danes.
-Danelaw - the territory occupied by the Danes
in East Anglia is recognised by Alfred Alfred establishes a
permanent army and navy Anglo Saxon Chronicle, source of
much early British History, begun King Alfred dies Eric, ruler of the Danes in East
Anglia, dies in the Battle of Holme Reconquest of Danelaw lands begins. The last
great Viking army sent to ravage England is
defeated, by an army of Wessex and Mercia. Edward the Elder recaptures
Essex from the Danes Edward's sister Aethelflaed of Mercia
attacks and conquers most of Wales Edward takes East
Anglia from the Danes King Constantine II
submits to Edward Edward dies at Farndon-on-Dee near Chester
leading an army against the Welsh Athelstan annexes Northumbria, and forces the kings of
Wales, Strathclyde, the Picts, and the Scots to submit to him
-Athelstan marries his sister to Sihtric the Viking King of York
to cement his ties with the North Athelstan invades
Scotland Battle of Brunanburh: Athelstan defeats alliance
of Scots, Celts, Danes, and Vikings, and takes the
title of King of all Britain Scandinavian forces from Northumbria
overrun the East Midlands Edmund re-establishes control over
Northumbria and rules a united England Edmund extends his
rule into southern Scotland Edmund conquers Strathclyde
-Cumbria is annexed by the Scots Edmund murdered at a
party in Pucklechurch Expulsion of Eric Bloodaxe,
last Danish king of York Mercians and Northumbrians
rebel against Edwy Westminster Abbey Northern Kings submit
to Edgar at Chester Edward the Martyr
murdered at Corfe Castle Danes renew their
raids on England Battle of Maldon: Byrhtnoth of Essex is defeated by
Danish invaders; Aethelred buys off the Danes with
10,000 pounds of silver (Danegeld) Danes under Sweyn and Norwegians under Olaf
Trygvesson sail up river Thames and besiege
London; bought off by Aethelred Aethelred orders a
massacre of Danish settlers The Danes raid Kent, and
burn Canterbury Cathedral King Canute II of Denmark &
Norway again invades England Battle of Abingdon: King Canute II of Denmark defeats
Edmund. They meet on the Isle of Alney and agree to
divide the kingdom into two. Canute takes the land
North of the Thames and Edmund the South.
-Edmund is assassinated a few months later and
Canute takes the throne as King Canute of England. Canute divides England into four earldoms:
Northumbria, Wessex, Mercia, and East Anglia Coventry Abbey Welsh led by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn attack
England and burn Hereford Cathedral Harold Godwinson (later Harold II) and his brother
Tostig of Northumberland attack Wales.
-Gruffydd ap Llewellyn is killed by his own troops Ealhmund of Kent Heaberht of Kent Oswine of Kent Eadric of Kent Æthelhere of E. Anglia Beornred
of Mercia Peada of Mercia Offa of Essex Sigeberht of Wessex Cenfus of Wessex Anastasius II John II St Agapetus I St Silverius Boniface II Sabinian Boniface III St Adeodatus I Severinus John IV St Eugene I Donus St Leo II St Benedict II John V Conon John VII Sisinnus Stephen IV Marinus I Louis II of France St Adrian III Aedh of Scotland Stephen VI Anastasius III Robert I of France Stephen VII Benedict VI Louis V of France Lulach of Scotland Anastasius IV Urban III Honorius IV Louis X of France Innocent VII Richard III of England Francis II of France Clement IX Louis VIII of France Napoleon I Bonaparte of France The first Saxon revolt against native Britons;
led by two brothers, Hengst and Horsa. Attila the Hun faces the Visigoths & Romans together
in the battle of Chalons. Attila is defeated in this battle,
and forced to withdraw. He goes on to invade Italy but
is convinced to withdraw by Pope Leo Saxons crush Britons at the
battle of Aylesford in Kent
-Vandals Sack Rome Western Roman Empire ends Roman occupation
of Gaul ends Arthur's victory over Saxons at Mound Badon
in Dorset, England. This slows the Saxon
conquest of England. Battle at Deorham in England Pope Gregory I Obtains 30 Year Truce Muhammad begins
dictation of the Koran. Sigeberht founds monastery
at Bedericesworth. Mercians defeat the Northumbrians
in early battles. Muslims begin conquest
of Syria and Persia. Muslims capture Jerusalem. Muslims begin
conquest of Egypt Byzantine forces recapture
Alexandria from the Arabs Arabs recapture
Alexandria. Oswy of Northumbria defeats
and kills Penda of Mercia. Arabs begin siege of Constantinople,
which continues until 678. Arabs terminate their siege of
Constantinople without success. Pope Gregory II excommunicates
Emperor Leo III. Bede completes his history of the Church in England,
The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. It is
the first history written of the English people as a whole. Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne as
Holy Roman Emperor of the West. 670's
Greek Fire invented
in Constantinople Harold II is killed at
the Battle of Hastings William invades Scotland Work begins on the
Tower of London William begins the construction of
a Norman Cathedral at Winchester. William orders a survey of the shires of England;
the information is recorded in the Domesday Book Domesday survey of
England completed William II defeats an invasion of England
led by Malcolm III of Scotland. Malcolm III and the Scots invade England again, but
are defeated and Malcolm is killed at the Battle of Alnwick. FIRST CRUSADE to free the Holy Land from
Muslims begins following a call by Pope Urban II The Crusaders take Jerusalem.
The first Crusade ends. Civil war known as 'The Anarchy' begins in
England when the Earl of Norfolk leads a
rebellion against Stephen of England Matilda leaves England. David I of Scotland invades England,
but is defeated at Northallerton Matilda leaves France
and lands in England. Matilda, Henry's only surviving legitimate
child, marries Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. Stephen usurps the throne
from Matilda, Henry’s daughter. Matilda takes Stephen prisoner at the Battle
of Lincoln, and Matilda is proclaimed queen. Stephen defeats Matilda
at the Battle of Faringdon. Henry Plantagenet lands in England
-Henry and Stephen agree terms for ending the
civil war. Under the terms of the Treaty of
Westminster, Stephen is to remain King for life,
but thereafter the throne passes to Henry. Pope Adrian IV issues the papal bull Laudabiliter, giving
Henry II dispensation to invade Ireland and bring the Irish
Church under the control of the Church of Rome. The Assize of Clarendon establishes trial by jury for the first time.
-The beginning the English settlement of Ireland when Dermot
McMurrough, King of Leinster, asks Henry II to help him oppose
other Irish kings English scholars expelled from Paris
found a university in Oxford. Henry invades Ireland, receives homage
from Ireland's kings, and is accepted as
Lord of Ireland. Henry creates a framework of justice creating
judges and dividing England into six counties Lincoln cathedral is destroyed
by an earthquake. Richard sets out with Philip of France
on the Third Crusade to the Holy Land The Assize of Measures standardizes
weights and distance including the
lb (pound) and the yard. England loses most of its
possessions in France. Pope Innocent III issues an Interdict
against England, banning all church
services except baptisms and funerals Pope Innocent III excommunicates John
-Cambridge University founded Innocent III declares
that John is no longer
the rightful King Philip Augustus of France defeats
the English at the Battle of Bouvines Beginning of the Barons' war
-John seals the MAGNA CARTA
-The Pope decrees that John need not adhere to
the Magna Carta, and civil war breaks out Prince Louis of France lands in England
and captures the Tower of London
-John flees North The end of the First Barons War
-The French lose the battles of Lincoln and
Dover and are driven back to France Building of Salisbury
cathedral begun The Treaty of York agrees the border
between England and Scotland Henry's Great Council is called
'Parliament' for the first time Henry begins rebuilding
Westminster Abbey Henry signs the Provisions of
Oxford, which limit royal power Henry repudiates
the Provisions of Oxford The second Baron’s
War breaks out The Dictum of Kenilworth restores Henry's
authority and annuls the Provisions of Oxford Independence of the Welsh is
ended by the Statute of Rhuddlan Edward invades Scotland, defeats the
Scots at Dunbar and deposes John Balliol Scots rise against English rule and, led by William
Wallace, defeat Edward at the Battle of Stirling Bridge Edward invades Scotland again and defeats
William Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk William Wallace is
executed in London Edward attempts to invade Scotland
again, but dies on his way north Parliament sets up a committee
of Lords Ordainers to control the
King and improve administration Edward is defeated at the Battle of
Bannockburn by Robert Bruce.
Scottish independence is assured The Scots assert their independence by
signing the DECLARATION OF ARBROATH Parliament is divided into two houses, Lords and Commons.
-English becomes the court language replacing Norman French Defeat of Scottish
army at Halidon Hill. Philip VI annexes Edward III's Duchy of Aquitaine.
Edward III responds by laying claim to the French
crown as a grandson of Philip IV though his mother
Isabella. This results in the 100 Years’ War with France The Children's Crusade Edward besieges
and captures Calais Edward, The Black Prince, sacks
Limoges massacring 3,000 people John Wycliffe begins to translate the
New Testament from Latin into English Winchester College
founded Death of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer
leaving The Canterbury Tales unfinished. Battle of
Agincourt Joan of Arc begins her campaign to expel
the English from France. She inspires the
French army which relieves Orleans
besieged by English troops. The English capture Joan of Arc. She is
burned at the stake as a witch and
heretic in Rouen on 30 May Eton college founded Henry marries
Margaret of Anjou Henry VI is captured by Yorkists and his wife,
Margaret, escapes to Scotland.
-Margaret raises a Lancastrian army in the north
defeats and kills Richard of York at Wakefield Queen Margaret marches South, defeats Earl
of Warwick at St Albans, and frees Henry.
-Edward, son of Richard of York, defeats Margaret's
Lancastrian forces on 29 March at the Battle of Towton.
-Margaret and Henry flee to Scotland.
-Henry is deposed by Edward who declares himself
King Edward IV Henry VI is captured and brought
to the Tower of London. Edward IV makes peace with Margaret, returns
to England with an army, Edward flees to
Flanders. Henry VI is restored to the throne Edward returns to England
-Margaret is defeated at the Battle of Tewkesbury;
her son Edward, Prince of Wales, is killed in battle.
-Henry is stabbed to death in the Tower of London. Edward grants privileges to the Hanseatic League of North
German trading cities to conduct trade in England. William Caxton sets up a printing
press in Westminster, London Edward is declared illegitimate and deposed in favour
of his uncle Richard Duke of Gloucester.
-Edward and his brother Richard of York are imprisoned in the
Tower of London. After a few months they are never seen again
-The Duke of Buckingham is appointed Constable and
Great Chamberlain of England
-Duke of Buckingham. Buckingham is captured, tried, and put
to death for a rebellion. A Papal Bull is issued against witchcraft.
-Parliamentary statutes are written down
in English for the first time and printed. Richard is defeated and killed by Henry
Tudor’s army at Bosworth Field. Richard III of England's
body is rediscovered
beneath a car park 527
years after his burial in
Greyfriars Church (1485) the remains of Richard III
of England, are reinterred
at Leicester Cathedral Henry invades France but at the
Treaty of Etaples agrees to withdraw Christopher Columbus crosses the Atlantic
and lands in San Salvador, Cuba and Haiti John Cabot sails west from Bristol on the Matthew and discovers
New-found-land. He believed it was Asia and claimed it for England. Catherine of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain, marries Prince Arthur, Henry’s eldest son. Prince Arthur dies, and Prince Henry (the future Henry VIII) becomes
heir to the throne, later marrying Arthur’s widow, Catherine of Aragon The English defeat the Scots
at the Battle of Flodden Field.
James IV of Scotland is killed. Thomas Wolsey, Archbishop of York,
becomes Chancellor and Cardinal. Catherine gives birth to
Princess Mary (later Mary I). Martin Luther publishes his 95 theses against
the abuses of the Roman Catholic Church. Hampton Court Palace is completed.
-William Tyndale publishes The New
Testament in English. Henry seeks permission from the Pope to
divorce Catherine of Aragon but is refused. Cardinal Wolsey is accused of high treason for failing
in Henry's divorce pursuit, but dies before he can be
brought to trial.
-Sir Thomas More becomes Chancellor.
-Henry starts to cut ties with the Church of Rome. Sir Thomas More resigns
from Chancellorship Thomas Cranmer is appointed Archbishop of
Canterbury and annuls Henry’s marriage to
Catherine of Aragon.
-Henry marries Anne Boleyn.
-Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth I) is born.
-Pope Clement VII excommunicates Henry The Act of Supremacy
is passed Sir Thomas More is executed for refusing to
recognize Henry as Head of the Church of England.
-Thomas Cromwell is made Vicar-General
-First complete English translation of the Bible
by Miles Coverdale Anne Boleyn is executed and
Henry marries Jane Seymour
-The Act of Union between
Wales and England. Jane Seymour dies giving birth
to Edward (later Edward VI). Henry marries Anne of Cleves in January but
the marriage is annulled in July
-Execution of Thomas Cromwell on a charge of treason.
-Henry marries Catherine Howard. Beginning of the Reformation
in Scotland under John Knox. Catherine Howard is
executed for treason. Henry marries Catherine Parr, his sixth and last wife.
-Treaty of Greenwich proposes marriage between
Henry's son Edward and Mary Queen of Scots. However
it is rejected by the Scots who want an alliance with France. The English army defeats the Scots at Pinkie Cleugh in an
attempt to force a marriage between Edward VI and
Mary Queen of Scots. The French send over 6,000 troops to prevent the English
from gaining control of the Scottish Borders. The First Act of Uniformity is passed
-The First Book of Common Prayer
is introduced The Duke of Somerset is deposed
and is replaced by John Dudley, Archbishop Cranmer publishes the
Second book of Common Prayer. The Duke of Northumberland persuades Edward to nominate
Lady Jane Grey as heir to the throne of England
-Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen. After nine days, Mary arrives
in London, Lady Jane Grey is arrested, and Mary is crowned Queen. Sir Thomas Wyatt, Lady Jane Grey, and her husband are executed.
-Mary's half-sister, Princess Elizabeth, is sent to the Tower of
London on suspicion of involvement in Wyatt's rebellion
-Parliament meets to re-establish Catholicism in England
-The persecution of Protestants begins, the heresy laws are revived,
and England is reconciled to Papal authority. Protestant bishops are burned at the stake for heresy.
-Princess Elizabeth is released from the Tower of London Philip II persuades Mary to declare war
on France as an ally of Spain. Calais, the last English possession in
France, is captured by the French. Mary Queen of Scots declares herself Queen of France, Scotland and England
when her husband Francis becomes King of France. He dies a year later and
Mary returns to Scotland.
-Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity restore the Protestant Church in England
and make Elizabeth Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
-The Revised Prayer Book of Elizabeth I is issued Hawkins and Drake make first
slave-trading voyage to America.
-Elizabeth gives aid to Protestant Huguenots
in the French Wars of Religion. Peace made between England
and France at Troyes. Mary Queen of Scots, flees to England from
Scotland and is imprisoned by Elizabeth. Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen
Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. Francis Drake sails around
the world on the Golden Hind. Sir Walter Raleigh founds the first
American colony and names it Virginia William Shakespeare leaves Stratford for
London to become an aspiring playwright Babington Catholic plot to assassinate Elizabeth I
-Mary Queen of Scots, is implicated in the
Babington plot and is sent to trial. Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed at
Fotheringhay Castle on charges of treason.
-Drake attacks and defeats the Spanish
fleet in Cadiz. A Spanish Armada of 130 ships sailing against England is
defeated by Admiral Drake and John Hawkins using
fireships. English dominance of the sea leaves the way
open for English trade and colonization of America and India.
-Earl of Essex leads an expedition to Ireland. John Harrington invents the
first flushing water closet Shakespeare writes Romeo and Juliet
and A Midsummer Night's Dream. 15,000 Londoners
die of the Plague Sir Walter Raleigh makes his first expedition
to the South American continent. The Globe Theatre is
opened in London. East India
Company founded Poor Law is passed introducing a
poor relief rate on property owners.
-First performance of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The Somerset House Peace Conference results
in peace between England and Spain. Guy Fawkes and other Catholic dissidents attempt
to blow up King and Parliament in The Gunpowder
Plot. They are betrayed and arrested. Jamestown found in America
by the Virginia company The King James Authorized Version
of the Bible is published. Heretics are burned at the stake
for the last time in England. Scottish mathematician John Napier publishes his theory
of logarithms simplifying calculations for navigators. The Pilgrim Fathers set sail for America
in the Mayflower. They land at Cape
Cod and found New Plymouth. The Petition of Right a declaration of the “rights and
liberties of the subject" is presented to the King,
who agrees to it under protest.
-Physician William Harvey demonstrates the
circulation of blood in the body Charles dissolves Parliament
and rules by himself until 1640. The colony of Massachusetts
is founded in America Work begins on Buckingham
Palace in London the National Covenant is signed after Charles I
tries to force new prayer book on Scots. Act of Toleration in England
established religious toleration Outbreak of
Civil War. Charles surrenders to the Scots
-King conspires with Scots to
invade England on his behalf. Charles escapes to the Isle
of Wight but is captured. Charles I is
executed. England seizes the Dutch settlement of New
Amsterdam, changing its name to New York. The Great Plague strikes
London and over 60,000 die. The Great Fire
of London Hudson Bay Company
founded in North America Habeas Corpus act passed which
forbids imprisonment without trial Pennsylvania founded in
America by William Penn Edict of Nantes allowing freedom of religion
to Huguenot Protestants is revoked in France Edmund Halley draws the first meteorological
map showing weather systems Isaac Newton publishes Mathematical
Principles of Natural Philosophy King James II issues the Declaration of
Indulgence suspending all laws against
Catholics and Non-Conformists
-The 'Glorious Revolution'. William of Orange
lands at Torbay with an army of 20,000 Bill of Rights is passed by Parliament
-Jacobite Highlanders rise in support of James
and are victorious at Killiekrankie but are
defeated a few months later at Dunkeld. Scottish Jacobites defeated
at Haughs of Cromdale William offers the Scottish Highlanders
a pardon for the Jacobite uprising if
they sign allegiance him Glencoe Massacre. MacDonalds are killed by
Campbells for not signing the oath of allegiance Bank of England founded
by William Paterson First Civil List
Act passed William forms grand alliance between
England, Holland, and Austria to prevent the
union of the French and Spanish crowns. England declares war on France in
the War of the Spanish Succession English, Bavarian, and Austrian troops under
Marlborough defeat the French at the Battle of
Blenheim and save Austria from invasion.
-British capture Gibraltar from Spain Marlborough defeats the French at
the Battle of Ramillies, and expels
the French from the Netherlands he Act of Union unites the
kingdoms of England and Scotland James Edward Stuart, 'The Old Pretender',
arrives in Scotland in an unsuccessful
attempt to gain the throne. St Paul's Cathedral, London,
completed by Sir Christopher Wren The Treaty of Utrecht is signed by Britain
and France, bringing to an end the War
of the Spanish Succession. The Jacobite rising begins in Scotland intending
to place the ‘Old Pretender” James Edward
Stuart, heir to James II on the throne. The
rebellion is defeated at Sheriffmuir. Daniel Defoe publishes
Robinson Crusoe First circulating library in Britain opens in
Edinburgh, Scotland.
-Jonathan Swift publishes Gulliver’s Travels Charles Wesley founds the
Methodists at Lincoln College Oxford. Founding of Georgia
in America. Britain goes to war with
Spain over Captain Jenkins’ ear Charles Edward Stuart, 'Bonnie Prince Charlie',
lands in Scotland and raises his flag for the
restoration of the Stuarts Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends
the war of Austrian Succession Britain adopts the Georgian Calendar.
1st January replaces 25 March as the
first day of the year. Britain declares war against France.
Start of the Seven Years’ War. Wolfe captures Quebec from the French and
establishes British supremacy in Canada. Peace of Paris ends
the Seven Years’ War. Stamp Act raises taxes
in American colonies. Captain James Cook’s first
voyage to explore the Pacific. Encyclopaedia Britannica
is first published. Boston Tea Party. American colonists
protest against British taxes. American War of Independence begins when
colonists fight British troops at Lexington.
-James Watt develops the steam engine. American Congress passes
the Declaration of Independence. Americans supported by the French
fleet defeat British at Battle of Yorktown. The Treaty of Paris ends the American
War of Independence. Britain recognizes
American independence. Outbreak of the French Revolution.
Storming of the Bastille. Napoleon defeats the
Russians at Austerlitz Slave Trade Act. War of 1812 between the British and Americans.
American forces stopped from invading Canada. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is published.
-Monopoly of the East India company is abolished The defeat of Napoleon
Bonaparte at Waterloo Publication of Mary
Shelley’s Frankenstein the Cato Street
Conspiracy, fails. The new London Bridge is
opened over the River Thames. Abolition of slavery throughout
the British Empire
-Factory Act passed Births, marriages and deaths must
be registered by law
-Dickens publishes Oliver Twist,
drawing attention to Britain’s poor
-Charles Darwin returns from a five
year voyage on HMS Beagle
researching natural history First Afghan War. First colonist settlement
in New Zealand Vaccination against
smallpox made compulsory. Charge of the
Light Brigade First trans-Atlantic
telegraph service Publication of Charles Darwin’s
The Origin of the Species. The world's first underground
railway is opened in London
-The Salvation Army is founded. Slavery is ended in America Canada becomes the first independent
dominion in the Empire.
-Karl Marx publishes the first volume
of Das Kapital Death of Charles Dickens Suez Canal shares purchased for Britain.
-Thomas Moy demonstrates the worlds
first flying machine at Crystal Palace, London Scots Alexander Graham Bell
demonstrates the telephone Second Afghan War Zulu war British occupy Egypt Greenwich Meridian and
Mean Time adopted Marconi demonstrates
wireless transmission Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first
manned and controlled aircraft flight.
-The Women’s Social and Political Union
is founded Britain and France sign the Entente Cordiale,
-Sigmund Freud publishes Psychopathology
of Everyday Life.
-Peter Pan by J. M. Barrie is published Motor buses are
first used in London Production of Ford motor cars begins.
-The Triple Entente is signed between
Russia, France, and Britain.
-The Children’s Act establishes separate
juvenile courts to try children.
-Old Age Pensions established in Britain The S.S. Titanic sinks Russian Revolution Reform Act gives votes
to women over 30. Third Afghan War.
-Spanish Flu rages around the
world killing over 50 million people. British Broadcasting
Corporation founded All women over theage of 21 get the vote
-Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin Battle of Dunkirk Battle of Britain The Blitz Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
-America enters the War D-Day End of WWII in Europe American bombing of Hiroshima American bombing of Nagasaki Japan Surrenders Mahatma Gandhi
is assassinated. nationalization
of the Suez Canal. The Beatles release
their first LP. Concorde begins first supersonic
trans-Atlantic flights Gulf War Hong Kong reverts to China after
155 years of British rule.
-Diana Princess of Wales dies World Trade Center
attack in New York World wide banking crisis David I becomes king and introduces the feudal
system of landholding to much of Scotland William the Lion invades England but
is captured by Henry II at Alnwick and
forced to surrender Scottish independence William I signs the Treaty of Falaise in which
he swears allegiance to Henry II of England. Periods
Offa of Mercia Egbert of Wessex Aethelwulf of Wessex Athelbald
of England Aethelbert
of England Aethelred I
of England Alfred The Great of England Edward the Elder of England Athelstan of England Edmund
of England Edred of England Edwy (Eadwig)
of England Edgar of England Edward the Martyr
of England Aethelred II the Unready of England Cnut (Canute) the Great of England Harold I Harefoot
of England Harthacnut
of England Edward the Confessor of England William I the Conqueror of England and Normandy William II Rufus of England Henry I of England Stephen of England Henry II of England Richard I the Lionheart
of England John of England Henry III of England Edward I Longshanks of England Edward II of England Edward III of England Richard II of England Henry IV of England Henry V of England Henry VI of England Edward IV of England Henry VII of England Henry VIII of England Edward VI of England Mary I (Bloody Mary)
of England Elizabeth I the Virgin Queen of England James I (James IV of Scotland) of England Charles I of England Charles II of England 11 yrs. rule of Parliament under
Oliver Cromwell James II
of England William III & Mary II of England Anne of England George I of England George II of England George III of England George IV of England William IV of England Victoria of England Edward VII of England George V of England George VI of England Elizabeth II of England Alpin MacEchdach of Scotland Kenneth MacAlpin of Scotland Constantine I of Scotland Eochaid of Scotland Donald I of Scotland Constantine II of Scotland Malcolm I of Scotland Indulf of Scotland Malcolm II of Scotland Duncan I of Scotland Macbeth of Scotland Malcolm III (Canmore) of Scotland Donald II (Blane)
of Scotland Edgar of Scotland Alexander I of Scotland David I of Scotland Malcolm IV of Scotland William I the Lion of Scotland Alexander II of Scotland Alexander III of Scotland Margaret Maid
of Norway and
Scotland John Balliol
of Scotland Edward I Longshanks
of England Robert the Bruce of Scotland David II of Scotland Robert II Stewart of Scotland Robert III (John) of Scotland James I of Scotland James II of Scotland James III of Scotland James IV of Scotland James V of Scotland Mary Queen of Scots James IV (James I of England) of Scotland Fruela I Aurelio Silo Mauregato Bermudo I Alfonso II Ramiro I Ordoño I Alfonso III Fruela II Garcia I Ordoño II Ordoño II Fruela II Alfonso IV Ramiro II Ordoño III Sancho I Ordoño III Sancho I Ramiro III Bermudo II Alfonso V Bermudo III Ferdinand I (Fernando) Alfonso VI Sancho II Garcia II Urraca Alfonso VII Ferdinand II (Fernando) Alfonso IX Sancho III Alfonso VIII Henry I (Enrique) Ferdinand III Alfonso X Sancho IV Ferdinand IV (Fernando) Alfonso XI Peter I (Pedro) Henry II (Enrique) Peter I Henry II John I (Juan) Henry III John II (Juan,) Henry IV (Enrique) Ferdinand V (Fernando) & Isabella I (Isabel) of Spain Joan (Juana)
& Philip I
(Filipe) Ferdinand V of Spain Ramiro I Peter I (Pedro) Sancho I Alfonso I Ramiro II Petronilla Alfonso II Peter II (Pedro) James I (Jaime) Peter III (Pedro) Alfonso III James II (Jaime) Alfonso IV Peter IV (Pedro) John I (Juan) Martin Ferdinand I (Fernando) Alfonso V John II (Juan) Charles I (Carlos) of Spain Philip II (Felipe) of Spain Philip III (Filipe) of Spain Philip IV (Filipe) of Spain Charles II (Carlos) of Spain Philip V (Filipe) of Spain Philip V of Spain Ferdinand VI (Fernando) of Spain Charles III (Carlos) of Spain Charles IV (Carlos) of Spain Joseph (Jose)
of Spain Ferdinand VII of Spain Isabella II (Isabel) of Spain Interregnum Amadeus I (Amadeo)
of Spain Republic Alfonso XII of Spain Alfonso VIII of Spain Republic Nationalist Regime led by Francisco Franco Juan Carlos of Spain Felipe VI of Spain Charles I the Bald of France Louis III of
France Charles II
the Fat of
France Odo of France Charles III the Simple of France Rudolph of France Louis IV of France Lothair of France Hugh Capet of France Robert II of France Henry I of France Philip I of France Louis VI of France Louis VII of France Philip II Augustus of France Louis VIII
of France Louis IX (Saint Louis) of France Philip III of France Philip IV the Fair of France Philip V
of France Charles IV
of France Philip VI of France John II of France Charles V of France Charles VI of France Charles VII of France Louis XI the Prudent, the Spider King of France Charles VIII of France Louis VII of France Francis I of France Henry II of France Charles IX of France Henry III of France Henry IV of France Louis XIII of France Louis XIV the Sun King of France Louis XV of France Louis XVI of France Louis XVII
of France Napoleon I Bonaparte of France First Republic Louis XVIII of France Charles X of France Louis-Philippe, the Citizen King of France Second French Republic Napoleon III of France St Paul I Stephen
III Adrian I St Leo III St Paschal I Eugene II Gregory IV Sergius
II St Leo IV Benedict III St Nicholas I Adrian II John VIII Stephen V Formosus John
IX Benedict IV Sergius III John X John XI Leo VII Stephen
VIII Marinus II Agapetus II John VII John VIII Benedict VII John XV Gregory
V Sylvester II John XVIII Sergius
IV Benedict VIII John XIX Benedict IX Gregory VI Leo IX Victor II Nicholas II Alexander II Gregory VII Urban II Paschal II Callixtus II John XXII Benedict XII Clement VI Innocent VI Urban V Gregory XI Urban VI Boniface IX Gregory XII Interregnum Martin V Eugene IV Nicholas V Callixtus
III Honorius II Innocent II Eugene III Adrian IV Alexander III Lucius III Clement
III Celestine III Innocent III Honorius III Gregory IX Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Interregnum Gregory X Nicholas
III Martin IV Nicholas IV Interregnum Boniface VIII Clement V Interregnum Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII Alexander VI Julius II Leo X Clement VII Paul III Julius III Paul IV Pius IV St Pius V Gregory XIII Sixtus V Clement VIII Paul V Gregory
XV Urban VIII Innocent X Alexander VII Clement X Innocent XI Innocent VII Clement XI Innocent
VIII Benedict XIII Clement XII Benedict XIV Clement XIII Clement XIV Pius VI Pius VII Leo XII Gregory XVI Pius IX Leo XIII St Pius X Benedict XV Pius XI Pius XII John XXIII Paul VI John Paul II Benedict XVI Francis Cuthred of Kent Eadberht III Præn Ecgberht II of Kent Æthelbert II Wihtred of Kent Hlothhere of Kent Ecgberht I of Kent Eorcenberht of Kent Eadbald of Kent Æthelberht of Kent Eormenric of Kent Octa of Kent Hengest of Kent Horsa of Kent Oisc of Kent Eadwald of E. Anglia Æthelberht of E. Anglia Æthelred I of E. Anglia Alberht of E. Anglia Ælfwald of E. Anglia Ealdwulf of E. Anglia Æthelwold of E. Anglia Anna of E. Anglia Ecgric of E. Anglia Sigeberht of E. Anglia Rædwald of E. Anglia Tytila of E. Anglia Wuffa of E. Anglia Coenwulf of Mercia Æthelbald of Mercia Ceolred of Mercia Coenred of Mercia Æthelred I of Mercia Wulfhere of Mercia Oswiu of Northumbria Penda of Mercia Cearl of Mercia Pybba of Mercia Creoda of Mercia Sigered of Essex Sigeric of Essex Swithred of Essex Saelred of Essex Sigeheard of Essex Sæbbi of Essex Swithhelm of Essex Sigeberht the Good of Essex Sigeberht the Little of Essex Saeward of Essex Sæberht of Essex Sledd of Essex Æscwine of Essex Beortric of Wessex Cynewulf of Wessex Cuthred of Wessex Æthelheard of Wessex Ine of Wessex Cædwalla of Wessex Centwine of Wessex Æscwine of Wessex Cenwalh of Wessex Penda of Mercia Cenwalh of Wessex Cwichelm of Wessex Cynegils of Wessex Ceolwulf of Wessex Ceol of Wessex Ceawlin of Wessex Cynric of Wessex Cerdic of Wessex St Leo I St Hilarius St Simplicius St Felix III St Galasius I St Symmachus St Hormisdas St John
I St Felix IV Vigilius Pelagius I John III Benedict I Pelagius II St Gregory I St Boniface IV Boniface V Honorius I Theodore I St Martin I St Vitalian Adeodatus II St Agatho St Sergius I John VI Constantine St Gregory II St Gregory III St Zachary Stephen II Persian-Roman Wars Black Plague Sweeps
through Europe The Second Crusade The First Crusade The Third Crusade The Fourth
Crusade The Fifth Crusade The Sixth
Crusade The Seventh Crusade The Eighth
Crusade The Ninth
Crusade The Hundred Years War War of the Roses 17,000 die of the
Plague in London The War of Austrian Succession Peninsular War First Opium War Irish Potato
Famine American
Civil War Boer War World War I The Great Depression Spanish
Civil War World War II Cold War Korean War Vietnam War Fourth Afghan War
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