Rabban Gamliel II of Yavne (jan 1, 80 – jan 1, 120)

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Gamliel II leads the academy at Yavne in the generation after the Temple's destruction, when Judaism has lost its sacrificial center and its priesthood. He fixes the order of daily prayer, asserts control over the calendar, and insists on a single authoritative ruling where competing traditions existed. His firmness creates conflict, and he is briefly deposed by his colleagues for humiliating Rabbi Yehoshua over a calendar dispute. His work converts a Temple-centered religion into a portable one built on prayer, study, and law, making Jewish survival in exile structurally possible.

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