Moses Hess (jan 1, 1812 – jan 1, 1875)
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Moses Hess was a German-Jewish philosopher and early socialist who worked closely with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels during the development of the socialist movement. In 1862, he published *Rome and Jerusalem*, arguing that the Jews were a nation, not merely a religious community, and calling for Jewish national revival in the Land of Israel. His ideas made him an important precursor to modern Zionism.
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